Electrode construction



June 22 1926.

' E. DOBROWSKY ELECTRODE coNsTRUcTIoN Filed Jan. 20. 1925 www ma 1, m m E ATTORNEYS Patented June 22, 19.26.

UNITED STATES EMMANUEL DOBROVSKY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRODE CONSTRUCTION.

Application led January 20, 1925'. Serial Nb. 3,656.

' This invention relates to electrodes for lighting and heating purposes.

An object of the invention is to provide a simple and eiiicient electrode for lighting and heating purposes whereby the electrodes burn more uniformly and the arc consequently is more continuous andl requires no controlling mechanism.

Another object concerns the rovision of means whereby the electrodes, a ter they are once related to each other andthe arc is established, will maintain the arc continuously until the electrodes are substantially entirely consumed, unless the circuit` is opened before its complete consumption takes place.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, of which-- Figure 1 is a side elevation, with portions broken away, of one form of my invention;

Fig. Fig. 1;

Figi 3 is a similar elevation of a modified form of the invention;

Fig. t is a section taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is a similar section taken through ay modified form of the apparatus.

The forms of the invention shown in the drawings are referred forms, although it is understood t at other modifications in the construction and arran ement of the parts and in the character o? the materials used may be adopted without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the ap ended claim. n v

n its general aspect the invention comprises providing a pair of. electrodes, one preferably embracing the other and both arranged symmetrically with respect to a given axis. The preferred form of the invention generally comprises a tubular elecf trode and a rod electrode associated there- 'within in line with the axis of the tube so that there is an annular cylindrical gap between the electrodes throughout their length. These electrodes are maintained in 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of this relation by suitable insulating means spacing them and supporting them, preferably at one end.

In another form of the invention I may provide two concentric tubular electrodes, one within the other, and also provide a bar M of metal, preferably centrally disposed and preferably of magnetic metal to exert a steady influence on any are formed between the tubes.

The preferred form of the invention shown in the drawings, as represented by Fig. 1, comprises a tube 10, preferably of carbon, and a rod 11, preferably of the same v material. The rod is' disposed centrally with respect to the axis of the tube and is supported in this relation by a plate 12 of insulating material disposed between the two electrodes in any desired manner.

In Fig. 3 I show two tubes 13 and 14,-

preferably of carbon, and a central bar 15 of metal, preferably magnetic metal, which are suitably spaced from each other, as shown, by rings '16 and 17 of insulation. The bar or rod 15 of metal is provided to exert a steadying directional control over the arc formed between the two Ntubular electrodes. This control element 15 may also be an electrode similar to electrodes 13 and 14. This particular arrangement would be applicable for olyphase alternating current operation. he number of concentric electrodes is not to be limited to a singlehase operation.

In ig. 5 I show a sectional view of a tubular electrode 18 and an oval bar electrode 19 which are concentrically disposed and form an annular oval-shaped gap across which the arc is formed.

It is obvious that by providing a proper difference of potential between the two or more electrodes in any one of these forms, or other concentric forms, an arc is established therebetween, preferably near the open ends, and this arc will travel around the annular gap. The are may be struck mechanicall by means of 'a conductor short cireuitin rt e ends of the electrodes cross sectional y. As the electrodes, due to the heat and the volatilization of the carbonsor composite material, become se arated the are will, nevertheless, continue cause the gap extends, as shown, the full length of the electrode and there is no interruption in the are due to the failure of the gap, nor is there any interruption to the are dueto a variation in the gap, since the width of the gap remains constant. In the case of tubular electrodes, the 'are is sometimes found to be steadier when the bar of magnetic 'material is disposed, preferably, in the manner shown in Fig. 3. By reason of the continuity of mafiose the are and the steadiness thereof this form of electrode is especially suitable for lighting and heating purposes. The continuity and steadiness of the are enable it to be used Without any of the'complicttedv and erratically operating electrmegnetio con trolling devices 'new in use in connection with are light and heating apparatus.

An electrode construction which oom- 10 prises a plurality of tubular electrodes, one disposed Within the other, a central bar of magnetic metal Within the inner tube, and' insulating. means for supporting the tubesand the bar 'from each other.

EMMANUEL DOBROWSKY. 

